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1.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 45(6): 518-529, Nov.-Dec. 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1534003

ABSTRACT

Objective: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has mixed effects for major depressive disorder (MDD) symptoms, partially owing to large inter-experimental variability in tDCS protocols and their correlated induced electric fields (E-fields). We investigated whether the E-field strength of distinct tDCS parameters was associated with antidepressant effect. Methods: A meta-analysis was performed with placebo-controlled clinical trials of tDCS enrolling MDD patients. PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 10, 2023. Effect sizes of tDCS protocols were correlated with E-field simulations (SimNIBS) of brain regions of interest (bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC] and bilateral subgenual anterior cingulate cortex [sgACC]). Moderators of tDCS responses were also investigated. Results: A total of 20 studies were included (21 datasets, 1,008 patients), using 11 distinct tDCS protocols. Results revealed a moderate effect for MDD (g = 0.41, 95%CI 0.18-0.64), while cathode position and treatment strategy were found to be moderators of response. A negative association between effect size and tDCS-induced E-field magnitude was seen, with stronger E-fields in the right frontal and medial parts of the DLPFC (targeted by the cathode) leading to smaller effects. No association was found for the left DLPFC and the bilateral sgACC. An optimized tDCS protocol is proposed. Conclusions: Our results highlight the need for a standardized tDCS protocol in MDD clinical trials. Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42022296246.

2.
International Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 281-287, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-989352

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the synchronized feature patterns of local field potentials in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) during working memory based on time-varying spectral coherence so as to support the study of information processing mechanisms in working memory.Methods:The local field potentials (LFPs) signals of the ventral hippocampus (vHPC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were collected from six SD rats during the performance of a spatial working memory task in the Y-maze, and the time-frequency distributions of vHPC and mPFC LFPs were calculated by applying the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to determine the characteristic frequency bands of the working memory and then to investigate the synchronized patterns of vHPC and mPFC LFPs based on the coherent of the time-varying frequency spectrum. Finally, support vector machines were applied to explore the feasibility of applying spectral coherence values to predict working memory.Results:When rats performed working memory tasks correctly, the energy of the theta band (4 - 12 Hz) of the HPC and PFC increased (all P < 0.01), and the spectral coherence value of the theta band of the HPC-PFC increased ( P < 0.05). Support vector machine training and prediction using the average peak spectral coherence and the difference between the peak and the onset when correctly and incorrectly executing the working memory as features resulted in 89% accuracy, 90% precision, 88% recall, and 88% F1 scores, all of which were statistically significant differences compared to the results of the randomly disrupted labeled data rearranging (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Synchronized synergy in the HPC-PFC theta band is one of the potential mechanisms for correctly performing information processing in working memory.

3.
Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice ; (12): 238-242, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-965037

ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo study the brain network during balance control tasks in older adults. MethodsFrom January to April, 2022, 22 healthy young adults and 20 healthy older adults were recruited from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and communities. They were asked to finish standing tasks on the plantar pressure plate with eyes opening and closing, while the functional connectivities (FC) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and primary motor cortex (PMC) were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. ResultsCompared with the young adults, the area of the ellipse (Z = -2.884, P < 0.01) and the maximum swing (Z = -2.481, P < 0.05) increased in the older adults as eyes closing. During the standing task, the intra-FC of left (t = 2.978, P < 0.01) and right (Z = -3.123, P < 0.01) PFC decreased in the older adults, and the inter-FC of right PMC to left PFC (t = 2.087, P < 0.05) and right PFC to left PFC (t = 3.471, P < 0.001) decreased, too. ConclusionThe FC of PFC decreased in healthy older adults during balance control tasks, which may be a indicator for aging brain.

4.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2023. 33 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, InstitutionalDB, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-1435264

ABSTRACT

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential in the execution of cognitive tasks, however very little is known on how these neurons are modulated during specific tasks and which subtype of neurons are responsible for so. Therego, with the intention of addressing this issue, we recorded mPFC gabaergic and glutamatergic activation patterns through fiber photometry (FIP) in mice, while simultaneously performing the Barnes Maze (BM) cognitive task (4 day behavioral trial). In addition, an altered structural and procedural protocol for BM was validated in this study due to necessary modifications allowing FIP and BM to happen simultaneously. A successful protocol validation was followed by our preliminary results, which showed that both glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons presented significant change in activation intensity and number of events in specific contexts throughout the task days. In addition, when stratified and crossed with BM performance parameters, such as latency to complete tasks and adopted strategy, glutamatergic and gabaergic neurons presented a significant decline in both activation patterns and number of activation events throughout the days. This data suggest not only an important role of glutamatergic and gabaergic mPFC neurons in learning, memory and decision making, but also that activation patterns of each of these groups may serve as markers for cognitive progression and/or dysfunction. KEY-WORDS: Memory, Learning, Decision Making, Medial Prefrontal Cortex (mPFC), Fiber Photometry (FIP), Barnes Maze (BM), Glutamatergic, Gabaergic, Neuronal Activity, Neuronal Activation Patterns, Neuronal Dynamics.


O córtex pré-frontal medial (mPFC) é essencial na execução de tarefas cognitivas, no entanto, pouco se sabe sobre como esses neurônios são modulados durante tarefas específicas e qual subtipo de neurônios é responsável por isso. Portanto, com a intenção de abordar essa questão, registramos os padrões de ativação de neurônios gabaérgicos e glutamatérgicos do mPFC por meio de fotometria de fibra (FIP) em camundongos, enquanto realizávamos simultaneamente a tarefa cognitiva do Labirinto de Barnes (BM) (ensaio comportamental de 4 dias). Além disso, um protocolo estrutural e procedimental alterado para o BM foi validado neste estudo devido a modificações necessárias que permitiram a realização simultânea de FIP e BM. Uma validação bem-sucedida do protocolo foi seguida pelos nossos resultados preliminares, que mostraram que tanto os neurônios glutamatérgicos quanto os gabaérgicos apresentaram mudanças significativas na intensidade de ativação e no número de eventos em contextos específicos ao longo dos dias da tarefa. Além disso, quando estratificados e cruzados com parâmetros de desempenho do BM, como latência para completar as tarefas e estratégia adotada, os neurônios glutamatérgicos e gabaérgicos apresentaram uma diminuição significativa nos padrões de ativação e no número de eventos de ativação ao longo dos dias. Esses dados sugerem não apenas um papel importante dos neurônios glutamatérgicos e gabaérgicos do mPFC na aprendizagem, memória e tomada de decisões, mas também que os padrões de ativação de cada um desses grupos podem servir como marcadores de progressão e/ou disfunção cognitiva. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Memória, Aprendizagem, Tomada de Decisões, Córtex Pré-Frontal Medial (mPFC), Fotometria de Fibra (FIP), Labirinto de Barnes (BM), Glutamatérgico, Gabaérgico, Atividade Neuronal, Padrões de Ativação Neuronal, Dinâmica Neuronal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Photometry , Prefrontal Cortex , Glutamic Acid , GABA Agents , Decision Making , Learning , Memory , GABAergic Neurons , Cognitive Dysfunction , Neurons
5.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 17: e20230021, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528499

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Primary progressive aphasia comprises a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive speech and language dysfunction. Neuroimaging (structural and functional), biomarkers, and neuropsychological assessments allow for early diagnosis. However, there is no pharmacological treatment for the disease. Speech and language therapy is the main rehabilitation strategy. In this case report, we describe a female patient diagnosed with nonfluent primary progressive aphasia who underwent sessions of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and showed improvement in depression scores, naming tasks in oral and written speech, and comprehension tasks in oral and written discourse.


RESUMO As afasias progressivas primárias (APP) representam um grupo de doenças neurodegenerativas caracterizadas por disfunção progressiva da fala e da linguagem. A neuroimagem (estrutural e funcional), os biomarcadores e as avaliações neuropsicológicas permitem o diagnóstico precoce. No entanto, não há tratamento farmacológico para a doença. A terapia fonoaudiológica é a principal estratégia de reabilitação. Neste relato de caso, descrevemos uma paciente com diagnóstico de APP não fluente que foi submetida a sessões de estimulação magnética transcraniana de alta frequência no córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral esquerdo e apresentou melhora nos escores de depressão, nas tarefas de nomeação da fala oral e escrita e nas tarefas de compreensão da fala oral e escrita.

6.
Ter. psicol ; 40(3): 367-395, dic. 2022. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424679

ABSTRACT

La planificación es definida como la habilidad de desarrollar un plan secuenciado de pasos conductuales para alcanzar una meta y forma parte de un conjunto de funciones cognitivas de alto orden denominadas funciones ejecutivas. Esta función se ve afectada en diversas situaciones de la vida cotidiana y en una variedad de trastornos neuropsiquiátricos (por ej., depresión, ansiedad, déficit atencional, esquizofrenia, etc.). Tanto el diseño de pruebas cognitivas para evaluar planificación en el contexto clínico, como también el diseño de paradigmas experimentales de evaluación de la planificación en el contexto de investigación, continúa siendo un desafío para la neuropsicología clínica y para las neurociencias. En este artículo de revisión sistemática que sigue las direcciones PRISMA, revisamos la teoría e investigación en relación con la evaluación clínica y la investigación de las bases neurobiológicas de la planificación y los aportes a la comprensión de los mecanismos de su implementación. Se reportan medidas metodológicas comunes y se resumen las aproximaciones teóricas que contribuyen en su comprensión. Nuestros hallazgos muestran la implicancia de la corteza prefrontal en el rendimiento en planificación, en particular el área dorsolateral, corteza cingulada anterior y frontopolar. Mayores estudios clínicos, instrumentales y experimentales son necesarios para comprender mejor la planificación en el contexto de una teoría integrativa de las funciones ejecutivas y del rol de la corteza prefrontal.


Planning is defined as the ability to develop a sequenced plan of behavioral steps to achieve a goal and is part of a set of high-order cognitive functions called executive functions. This function is affected in various daily life situations and in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, etc.). Both the design of cognitive tests to assess planning in the clinical context, as well as the design of experimental paradigms for evaluating planning in research context, continues to be a challenge for clinical neuropsychology and neurosciences. In this PRISMA systematic review article, we review theory and research regarding clinical assessment and research into the neurobiological bases of planning and contributions to understanding the mechanisms of its implementation. Common methodological measures are reported and the theoretical approaches that contribute to their understanding are summarized. Our findings show the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in planning performance, particularly the dorsolateral area, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the frontopolar cortex. Further clinical, instrumental, and experimental studies are needed to better understand planning in the context of an integrative theory of executive functions and the role of the prefrontal cortex.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognition Disorders , Planning
7.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 31(2): 11-26, July-Dec. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1408057

ABSTRACT

Abstract Aims: To identify the impact of ventromedial prefrontal cortex injury (vmPFc) on social cognition (SC) processes in a stroke patient in relation to a control group matched by age, gender, and schooling. Possible associations between post-injury behavior and impacted neuropsychological attributes of emotion recognition, Theory of Mind (TOM), and empathy are discussed. Method: One male patient (n = 1) (58 years old) with stroke in right vmpFC and 10 healthy participants completed different screening, neuropsychological assessment, and SC tests as: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised; The Trail Making Test; Raven's Matrices; Faux Pas Test; Reading Mind in the Eyes Test, among others. Results: Due single cases are reported, p< .05 values of a tail were considered statistically significant in all comparisons. Correlations were found between damage in vmPFC and alterations in affective TOM, working and retrograde memory, mood and relational alterations in the patient. Discrepancies were found with respect to other studies in relation to the laterality of the injury and the impact of cognitive and affective empathy that seems to be relatively intact. Conclusions: There is a need to clarify the role of affective TOM after acquired brain injury (ABI) in vmPFC. A protocol is needed to assess and intervene in aspects of TOM that would involve documenting strengths and deficits of TOM: inter and intrapersonal after an ABI. Similarly, there is a need to address the lateralization of different domains of function in vmPFC and their relationship to affective TOM.


Resumen Objetivo: Identificar el impacto de la lesión en la corteza prefrontal ventromedial (vmPFC por sus siglas en inglés) en los procesos de cognición social (SC por sus siglas en inglés) a un paciente con accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) en rela-ción a un grupo control pareado por edad, gènero y escolaridad. Se discuten las posibles asociaciones entre el comporta-miento posterior a la lesión y los atributos neuropsicológicos impactados de reconocimiento de emociones, Teoria de la Mente (TOM por sus siglas en inglés) y empatia. Método: Un paciente con ACV en el vmPFC derecho y 10 participantes sanos completaron diferentes pruebas de screening, evaluación neuropsicológica y SC. Resultados: Se encontraron correlaciones entre el dano en vmPFC y alteraciones en la TOM afectiva, memoria de trabajo y retrógrada, alteraciones animicas y relacionales en el paciente. Se hallaron discrepancias frente a otros estudios en relación con la lateralidad de la lesión y al impacto de la empatia cognitiva y afectiva la cual parece estar relativamente intacta. Conclusiones: Se requiere aclarar el panorama frente al deterioro de la TOM afectiva despuès de una lesión cerebral adquirida (ABI por sus siglas en inglés) en vmPFC. Se necesita un protocolo para evaluar e intervenir en aspectos de la TOM que involucraria documentar fortalezas y déficits de TOM: inter e intrapersonal despuès de un ABI. De igual manera, se requiere abordar la lateralización de diferentes dominios de la función en vmPFC y su relación con la TOM afectiva.

8.
Rev. psiquiatr. Urug ; 86(2): 55-61, dic. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UY-BNMED, BNUY | ID: biblio-1412357

ABSTRACT

Se realiza una revisión de estudios de resonancia magnética integral y funcional, así como estudios bioquímicos en pacientes con y sin ideas suicidas. Estos estudios en pacientes con alto riesgo de suicidio presentan una disminución de volúmenes corticales en la corteza prefrontal dorso y ventrolateral. Lo importante de estos estudios es que resultan de la comparación con pacientes deprimidos con bajo riesgo de suicidio. Los estudios de resonancia magnética funcional mostraron una hipofuncionalidad del lóbulo prefrontal en los pacientes depresivos con ideas suicidas severas, que se observa como una disminución del flujo sanguíneo cerebral en las áreas lateral y ventral. Se observa una disminución del metabolismo de serotonina, en clara relación con la severidad de las ideas de muerte, también con un foco en la región lateroventral prefrontal. Dado que las funciones de la corteza prefrontal afirman al individuo en su perspectiva vital, disfunciones como las descritas debilitan la coordinación y organización del apego a la vida, quedando, por el contrario, la posibilidad de la búsqueda de la muerte. Se concluye que los pacientes depresivos con ideas suicidas tienen una alta vulnerabilidad para el intento de suicidio por la afectación de las zonas prefrontales.


A review of functional integral magnetic resonance and biochemical data from patients with and without suicidal ideation is presented. Patients with high suicidal risk show a decrease in cortical volume in ventrolateral and dorsal prefrontal cortex. These studies are compared to those of depressed patients with low suicidal risk. Functional magnetic resonance in depressed patients with severe suicidal ideation show an hypo functional prefrontal lobe, seen as a decrease in blood flow in lateral and ventral areas. There is a decrease in serotonin metabolism, clearly related to the severity of suicidal ideation, also in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex. As prefrontal cortex functions enhance vital perspectives, such dysfunctions weaken coordination and organization of attachment to life, making search for death a possibility. Authors conclude that depressed patients with suicidal ideation have a high vulnerability for suicidal intent due to changes in prefrontal areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Suicide, Attempted , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Neurotransmitter Agents/metabolism , Depression/physiopathology , Suicidal Ideation , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging , Depression/metabolism
9.
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science ; (12): 1014-1019, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-956196

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effect of a single-trial transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on fairness-related decision-making behavior.Methods:From September 2018 to February 2019, a total of 60 healthy participants between the ages of 18 and 45 were enrolled.Then, the participants were randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 in each group to receive left anode stimulation/right cathode stimulation (left anode /right cathode group), left cathode/right anode stimulation (left cathode /right anode group) or bilateral control electrodes (sham stimulation group) on the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices (DLPFC), respectively.After tDCS, the participants immediately completed the ultimatum game (UG) task as responders and a fairness questionnaire in turn.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data with repeated measurement ANOVA and nonparametric test.Results:In the UG task, there was no significant difference in the acceptance rate among the three groups of participants as responders (all P>0.05). When analyzing the acceptance rate facing different proposers (" computer" and " human" ) under different fairness levels in the three stimulus types through the paired samples Wilcoxon test, it was found that the acceptance rate of the sham stimulation group to the extremely unfair proposals proposed by the human opponent was lower than that proposed by the computer(0.28 (0, 0.67), 0.44 (0.33, 0.89), Z=-2.14, P=0.032), while there was no difference in acceptance rates (both P>0.05) in the face of fair or unfair proposals proposed by computer and human opponents.The acceptance rate of the left cathode /right anode group to the unfair(0.90 (0.50, 1.00), 1.00 (0.70, 1.00), Z=-1.90, P=0.046)or extremely unfair(0.44 (0, 1.00), 0.89 (0.50, 1.00), Z=-2.73, P=0.006) proposals proposed by human opponents was significantly lower than the proposals proposed by computer opponent, and there was no differences in acceptance rate when facing fair proposals proposed by computer and human opponents ( P> 0.05). There were no significant differences in acceptance rates in the left anode /right cathode group when faced with fair, unfair, and extremely unfair schemes proposed by computer and human opponents (all P>0.05). For fairness questionnaire scores, a repeated measurements ANOVA showed that the interaction effect between group and proposer types was not significant ( F(2, 54)=2.037, P=0.140), and the group main effect was not significant ( F(1, 54)=0.165, P=0.848), but the proposer type main effect was significant ( F(1, 54)=6.363, P=0.015), indicating that the fairness questionnaire score in the face of the human opponents was lower than when facing the computer opponents( P<0.05). Conclusion:Although a single-trial tDCS on bilateral DLPFC has no significant effect on the overall acceptance rate of fairness-related decision-making, it affects the decision-making of unfair distribution scheme proposed by human or computer.

10.
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science ; (12): 984-989, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-956191

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effects of single intermittent theta-burst stimulation on functional connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods:From July to November 2020, forty MCI patients were selected and randomly divided into iTBS true stimulation group and iTBS sham-stimulation group, with 20 patients in each group.iTBS targeted the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), mini-mental state examination (MMSE), activity of daily living scale(ADL), Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were evaluated at baseline.The resting state electroencephalography (rsEEG) was collected for 5 minutes before and after iTBS in the two groups.The phase lag index(PLI) of EEG functional connectivity was calculated, and the functional connectivity matrix diagram was drawn.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Data were statistically analyzed by χ2 test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and independent sample t-test. Results:There were no significant differences in scores of MoCA, ADL, HAMD and HAMA between the two groups(all P>0.05). In the iTBS true stimulation group, compared with that before iTBS treatment(0.140(0.133, 0.144)), the PLI of β band increased significantly after iTBS treatment(0.146(0.136, 0.167))( P<0.05). The region of increased PLI was mainly concentrated in the central region(C3/C4-T7/T8). Compared with that before iTBS treatment(0.251(0.232, 0.299)), the PLI of α band increased after iTBS treatment(0.286(0.241, 0.359)), but the difference was not statistically significant( P>0.05). Conclusion:Single iTBS treatment can significantly increase the EEG functional connectivity in patients with MCI, indicating that iTBS targeting the left DLPFC can effectively regulate the EEG functional connectivity in patients with MCI, which may reveal the mechanism of iTBS in improving cognitive function in patients with MCI.

11.
Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; (12): 153-156, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-933963

ABSTRACT

Objective:To explore the effect of repeated high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) on the severity and symptoms of Internet addiction.Methods:Fifty college students with different degrees of Internet addiction were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, each of 25. In addition to psycho-behavioral therapy, the treatment group was given 10Hz rTMS over the left DLPFC for 40 days, while the control group was given sham stimulation. Before the experiment and after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, both groups were evaluated using the Internet Addiction Diagnostic Scale (IAT), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and a visual analogue scale (VAS).Results:After 4 weeks the average total BIS-11 score, attention factor score and VAS score of the treatment group were significantly better than the control group′s averages and better than before the treatment. After 8 weeks of treatment, the average IAT scores, BIS-11 scores on each item and VAS scores of the treatment group had decreased significantly more and were still significantly better than the control group′s averages.Conclusion:High frequency rTMS can safely and effectively relieve the symptoms of Internet addiction, at least among college students.

12.
Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science ; (12): 289-297, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-931938

ABSTRACT

Objective:To investigate the effect of activation of microglia in prefrontal cortex on long-term spatial memory in post-stroke depression mice.Methods:Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group, stroke group, post-stroke depression group and depression group according to the random number table method with 12 in each group, and 36 mice were divided into solvent group, enrofloxacin group and minocycline group according to the random number table method with 12 in each group.Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was use to establish the stroke model, and forced swimming was used to establish the depression model.The post-stroke depression model mice were received MCAO first and then received forced swimming on the 4th day after stroke to establish the model.Mice in enrofloxacin group and minocycline group were treated with enrofloxacin and minocycline injection once a clay for 14 days from the 5th day after stroke, respectively.Forced swimming test and sugar water preference test were used to evaluate the depression of mice in each group, Morris water maze test was used to detect the spatial memory function of mice in each group, and Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the neuronal function and the number and type of microglia activation.The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot.GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.The single factor variance analysis was used to compare the difference among multiple groups, and pairwise comparison was performed with SNK- q test. Results:(1) There were statistically significant differences in depression, learning and memory, neuron damage, activation of microglia, inflammatory factors and other indicators in sham operation group, stroke group, post-stroke depression group and depression group ( F=43.58-255.70, all P<0.05). Compared with stroke group, post-stroke depression group had longer floating immobility time ((222.70±29.12) s, (79.25±46.78) s, P<0.05), the preference rate of sugar water was significantly lower ( (49.44±6.19) %, (84.49±4.73) %, P<0.05), and the average value of platform approach after correction was higher((125.00±9.95) mm, (96.79±12.57) mm, P<0.05), Nissl bodies expression was lower ((53.50±15.78) cells /mm 2, (85.67±17.52) cells /mm 2, P<0.05), NeuN positive expression rate was lower ((29.78±3.70) %, (45.73±4.51) %, P<0.05), the percent of M1 microglia expression was significantly higher ((75.55±8.84) %, (58.19±5.69) %, P<0.05), the percent of M2 microglia expression was lower ((43.46±5.11)%, (57.14±5.40)%, P<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-6 ((1.14±0.03), (0.94±0.05), P<0.05) and IL-1β((1.17±0.03), (0.56±0.04), P<0.05) were significantly higher.(2) Depression, learning and memory, neuron injury, activation of microglia, inflammatory factors and other indicators of mice in solvent group, enrofloxacin group and minocycline group were significantly different ( F=7.13-94.35, all P<0.05). Compared with enrofloxacin group, mice in minocycline group had shorter floating immobility time ((169.30±13.04) s, (224.30±22.60) s, P<0.05) and higher sugar water preference rate ((62.81±7.75) %, (47.71±8.11) %, P<0.05), the mean value of platform approach estimation after water maze correction was lower ((97.66±14.56) mm, (120.20±12.08) mm, P<0.05), and the expression level of Nissl bodies was higher ((80.17±10.55) cells /mm 2, (52.00±8.94) cells /mm 2, P<0.05), NeuN expression rate was high ((45.04±3.62) %, (28.88±4.50) %, P<0.05), Iba-1 expression was lower ((97.33±10.67) cells/mm 2, (112.50±6.54)cells/mm 2, P<0.05), the percent of M1 microglia expression was lower ((54.43±5.22) %, (73.82±6.88) %, P<0.05), and the percent of M2 microglia expression was significantly higher ((51.86±6.22) %, (36.30±5.72) %, P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 ((0.75±0.06), (1.21±0.07), P<0.05) and IL-1β ((0.61±0.06) (1.09±0.09), P<0.05) were lower. Conclusion:The long-term spatial memory impairment of post-stroke depression mice is aggravated, which is related to the neuron damage caused by increased activation of M1 microglia in PFC area.Inhibition of M1 microglia by minocycline can effectively improve the spatial memory ability of mice.

13.
Japanese Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medicine ; : 1-7, 2022.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-924388

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to clarify the effects of watching forest videos on prefrontal cortex activity. We examined oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the prefrontal cortex using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and measured the changes in relaxation level using the rating scale of emotion as defined in terms of relaxation (RE scale), and the free description data after watching the videos. We recruited 21 healthy female university students for this study. All subjects watched a forest video and an urban video in a random order; no significant differences were found in comparisons between the two conditions during and after watching the videos. Comparisons of oxy-Hb levels in the prefrontal cortex during and after watching the two videos showed a significant increase after watching the forest video. Significantly decreased scores of three RE scale items, i.e., “anxiety-relief,” “restrictive-free,” and “discomfort-comfort,” were observed with the urban video. The forest video significantly improved scores of the following items: “feeling high-stable,” “tense-relaxing,” “anxiety-relief,” “restrictive-free,” and “discomfort-comfort.” These results suggest that the forest video activates the left prefrontal cortex and subjectively enhances a relaxed feeling, after watching.

14.
Journal of Biomedical Engineering ; (6): 267-275, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-928222

ABSTRACT

Transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation is a new non-invasive neuromodulation technology, in which the induced electric field generated by the coupling effect of ultrasound and static magnetic field are used to regulate the neural rhythm oscillation activity in the corresponding brain region. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation on the information transfer and communication in neuronal clusters during memory. In the experiment, twenty healthy adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (five rats) and stimulation groups (fifteen rats). Transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation of 0.05~0.15 T and 2.66~13.33 W/cm 2 was applied to the rats in stimulation groups, and no stimulation was applied to the rats in the control group. The local field potentials signals in the prefrontal cortex of rats during the T-maze working memory tasks were acquired. Then the coupling differences between delta rhythm phase, theta rhythm phase and gamma rhythm amplitude of rats in different parameter stimulation groups and control group were compared. The experimental results showed that the coupling intensity of delta and gamma rhythm in stimulation groups was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.05), while the coupling intensity of theta and gamma rhythm was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). With the increase of stimulation parameters, the degree of coupling between delta and gamma rhythm showed a decreasing trend, while the degree of coupling between theta and gamma rhythm tended to increase. The preliminary results of this paper indicated that transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation inhibited delta rhythmic neuronal activity and enhanced the oscillation of theta and gamma rhythm in the prefrontal cortex, thus promoted the exchange and transmission of information between neuronal clusters in different spatial scales. This lays the foundation for further exploring the mechanism of transcranial magneto-acoustic-electrical stimulation in regulating brain memory function.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Acoustics , Electric Stimulation , Memory, Short-Term/physiology , Rats, Wistar , Theta Rhythm/physiology , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
15.
Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology ; (6): 1-5, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-927888

ABSTRACT

Objective: To investigate the effects of PM2.5 exposure at different stages of early life on the prefrontal cortex of offspring rats. Methods: Twelve pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group (CG), Maternal pregnancy exposure group (MG), Early postnatal exposure group (EP) and Perinatal period exposure group (PP), 3 rats in each group. The pregnant and offspring rats were exposed to clean air or 8-fold concentrated PM2.5. MG was exposed from gestational day (GD) 1 to GD21. EP was exposed from postnatal day (PND) 1 to PND21, and PP was exposed from GD1 to PND21. After exposure, the prefrontal cortex of 6 offspring rats in each group was analyzed. HE staining was used to observe the pathological damage in the prefrontal cortex. ELISA was employed to detect neuroinflammatory factors, and HPLC/MSC was applied to determine neurotransmitter content. Western blot and colorimetry were applied for detecting astrocyte markers and oxidative stress markers, respectively. Results: Compared with MG and CG, the pathological changes of prefrontal cortex in PP and EP were more obvious. Compared with MG and CG, the neuroinflammatory factors (IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α) in PP and EP were increased significantly (P<0.01), the level of MT were decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the level of oxytocin (OT) showed a downward trend; the level of neurotransmitter ACh was also increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with MG and CG, the GFAP level of PP and EP showed an upward trend, the level of oxidative stress index SOD in PP and EP was decreased significantly (P<0.01), and the level of ROS was increased significantly (P<0.01). Compared with the offspring rats of CG and MG, the CAT level of PP was decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the offspring rats of CG, the CAT level of EP was decreased significantly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, MT, OT, ACh, GFAP, SOD, ROS and CAT levels between PP and EP, or MG and CG. Conclusion: PM2.5 exposure in early life has adverse effects on the prefrontal cortex of offspring male rats, and early birth exposure may be more sensitive.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Interleukin-1/pharmacology , Interleukin-6 , Neurotransmitter Agents , Particulate Matter/toxicity , Prefrontal Cortex , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reactive Oxygen Species , Superoxide Dismutase , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
16.
Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation ; (12): 973-977, 2022.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-958198

ABSTRACT

Objective:To observe any effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the speed and accuracy of picture naming and on the phonological fluency of aphasic stroke survivors.Methods:Twenty-four stroke survivors with aphasia were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 12. In addition to language training and picture naming training, the observation group received 20 minutes of tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) daily, 5 days a week for 2 weeks. The control group was given sham stimulation. Before and after the 2 weeks of treatment, both groups were tested for picture naming and phonological fluency.Results:Significant improvement in the number of accurately pronounced high-frequency words and in reaction time was observed in both groups, but the observation group′s average reaction time for high-frequency words was significantly shorter than the control group′s average. The observation group′s average reaction time for low-frequency words had also improved significantly. After the 2 weeks of treatment, the phonological fluency of the observation group was significantly better than before the treatment and better than that of the control group.Conclusions:tDCS applied over the left DLPFC of stroke survivors with aphasia can promote lexical retrieval and strengthen their executive and control functioning.

17.
Actual. psicol. (Impr.) ; 35(130)jun. 2021.
Article in English | LILACS, SaludCR, PsiArg | ID: biblio-1383494

ABSTRACT

Abstract. Objective. This study characterized the electroencephalographic correlation (rEEG) between prefrontal and parietalcortices in young men while solving logical-mathematical problems after 18 sessions of cognitive training. Method. Two training groups were formed: one trained with gradually increased complexity (CT), the other with no increase in complexity (ST). Results. CT had a greater number of correct responses in the post-training evaluation than ST and showed a higher correlation between the left frontopolar-parietal cortices in almost all EEG bands, and between the dorsolateral-parietal cortices in the alpha1 band while solving math problems post-training. Results suggest that major functional synchronization between the left prefrontal and parietal cortices plays an important role in improving mathematical problem-solving after cognitive training.


Resumen Objetivo. El presente estudio caracteriza la correlación electroencefalográfica (rEEG) entre las cortezas prefrontal y parietal en hombres jóvenes durante la resolución de problemas lógico-matemáticos después de 18 sesiones de entrenamiento cognitivo. Método. Se formaron dos grupos de entrenamiento: uno entrenado con un incremento gradual de complejidad (CT) y el otro sin incremento de complejidad (ST). Resultados. El grupo CT presentó un mayor número de respuestas correctas que el grupo ST en la evaluación post entrenamiento, a su vez mostró un incremento en la correlación entre las cortezas frontopolar y parietal izquierdas en la mayoría de las bandas, así como entre las cortezas dorsolateral y parietal en la banda alfa1 durante la resolución de problemas posterior al entrenamiento. Los resultados sugieren que el incremento en la sincronización funcional entre las cortezas prefrontal y parietal izquierdas juega un rol importante en la resolución de problemas matemáticos después del entrenamiento cognitivo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Electroencephalography , Cognitive Training , Logic , Mathematics , Mexico
18.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 43(1): 65-69, Jan.-Feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153282

ABSTRACT

Objective: Current treatment for borderline personality disorder (BPD) involves psychological and pharmacological interventions. However, neuromodulation techniques such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may positively affect BPD symptomatology. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and neuropsychological effects of rTMS on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) in BPD patients. Methods: Fourteen patients with BPD were randomized into two groups (active vs. sham) for 15 sessions of rTMS on the DMPFC. Clinical effects were measured using the Borderline Symptoms List (BSL), Clinical Global Impression Scale for BPD (CGI-BPD), Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time (BEST), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), and Barratt's Impulsiveness Scale (BIS). Neuropsychological effects were determined by a Stop-Signal Task (SST), the Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test (WCST), and the Iowa Gambling Test (IGT). Results: Within-group comparison showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in CGI-BPD (total score and six of nine psychopathologic domains), BEST, HDRS, HARS, and IGT scores for active modality. Conclusion: The 5 Hz-DMPFC rTMS technique was well tolerated and lessened the severity of BPD symptomatology, especially abandonment, affective issues, interpersonal relationships, suicidal behavior, anger, and paranoid ideation. Cognitive improvement was seen in decision-making. Additional studies are needed to fully evaluate the effects of rTMS on BPD symptomatology. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03832777.


Subject(s)
Humans , Borderline Personality Disorder/therapy , Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation , Anxiety , Anxiety Disorders , Treatment Outcome , Prefrontal Cortex
19.
Acta cir. bras ; 36(12): e361204, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1360063

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To explore the role and mechanisms of octreotide in neurofunctional recovery in the traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Methods: Rats were subjected to midline incision followed by TBI in the prefrontal cortex region. After 72 hours, the behavioural and neurological deficits tests were performed, which included memory testing on Morris water maze for 5 days. Octreotide (15 and 30 mg/kg i.p.) was administered 30 minutes before subjecting to TBI, and its administration was continued for three days. Results: In TBI-subjected rats, administration of octreotide restored on day 4 escape latency time (ELT) and increased the time spent in the target quadrant (TSTQ) on day 5, suggesting the improvement in learning and memory. It also increased the expression of H2S, Nrf2, and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) in the prefrontal cortex, without any significant effect on cystathionine-β-synthase. Octreotide also decreased the TNF-α levels and neurological severity score. However, co-administration of CSE inhibitor (D,L-propargylglycine) abolished octreotide-mediated neurofunctional recovery, decreased the levels of H2S and Nrf2 and increased the levels of TNF-α. Conclusions: Octreotide improved the neurological functions in TBI-subjected rats, which may be due to up-regulation of H2S biosynthetic enzyme (CSE), levels of H2S and Nrf2 and down-regulation of neuroinflammation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Octreotide/pharmacology , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/drug therapy , Hydrogen Sulfide/metabolism , Hydrogen Sulfide/pharmacology , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , NF-E2-Related Factor 2
20.
Neuroscience Bulletin ; (6): 229-241, 2021.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-952018

ABSTRACT

The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which serves as a hub, receives dense projections from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and projects to the lateral division of central amygdala (CeL). The infralimbic (IL) cortex plays a crucial role in encoding and recalling fear extinction memory. Here, we found that neurons in the PVT and IL were strongly activated during fear extinction retrieval. Silencing PVT neurons inhibited extinction retrieval at recent time point (24 h after extinction), while activating them promoted extinction retrieval at remote time point (7 d after extinction), suggesting a critical role of the PVT in extinction retrieval. In the mPFC-PVT circuit, projections from IL rather than prelimbic cortex to the PVT were dominant, and disrupting the IL-PVT projection suppressed extinction retrieval. Moreover, the axons of PVT neurons preferentially projected to the CeL. Silencing the PVT-CeL circuit also suppressed extinction retrieval. Together, our findings reveal a new neural circuit for fear extinction retrieval outside the classical IL-amygdala circuit.

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